Ko model



No. 749,341. PATENTED JAN. 12, 1904.

P. TOBISGH. I GUN 0R PIREARM.

APPLIOATION FILED IAN. 30, 1900.

E0 MODEL. 6 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Wx. A

PATENTBD JAN. 12, 1904.

F. ToBIsCH, GUN 0R PIREARM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30, 1900.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

III!

,GMM

PATENTED JAN. l2, 1904.

P. TOBISGH. GUN 0R FIREARM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. ao, 1900.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3Y N0 MODEL.

PATENTED JAN. 12, 1904.

F. TOBISCH. GUN 0R PIREARM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. so, 1900.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

NO MODEL.

'o. 749,341.. PATINTBD JAN I'. TOBIS'GH. ,GUN ORFIREARM- APPLIOATION Hum JAN. so, 1900.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

H0 MODEL.

No. 749,341.Y

PATBNTBD JAN. 12.1904.'

E. TolscH. GUN 0R HREARM. APPLIOATJ'ION FILED JAN. 30, 1900.

6 SHEETS-*SHEET 6.

No MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented January 12, 1904.

PATENT Fries.

GUN on FIREARM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,341, dated January 12, 1904.

Application filed January 30, 1900. SerialNo. 3,3614. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANZ TOBISCH, a subject Aof the Emperor of Austria -Hungary,

' residing at Budapest, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breech- Operating.

Mechanisms for Automatic Firearms and Machine-Guns, of which the following is a specication. y

The present invention -relates to guns and firearms, and especially to means whereby it is possible to adapt the locks and ammunition as used at present in the case of ordinary fire- Iarms for the purpose of converting the latter mechanism characterizing the particular lock system employed without the need of provi ing a special lock mechanism.

Without describing particularly the drawbacks of the present special systems of machine-guns according to the various constructions of the locks and loading mechanism it i's'evidit that owing to the individual and different constructions of machine-guns special and separate instruction of the men in tended to servethem is necessary, who even in the case .of accidents to the mechanism may not be able to effect the necessary repairs or readjustment. Again, a special construction ofthe lock mechanism requires a special plant and tools for production. Such considerations cause machine-guns to be very expensive articles of manufacture. Since the ordinary system of locks as used in the various handrearms are used in combination with the present invention, the latter does not involve any special packing or arrangement of the cartridges, (belts and the like.)

1n order to render the description more intelligible, the accompanying drawings are referred to.

Figure l is a central longitudinal section through a machine-gun with a rectilinear breech-lock actuated by mechanism according to the present invention and showing the Y `breech-lock closed. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-section upon the line E F, Fig. 1, looking toward the muzzle of the gun. Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1-, but with the breechlock in its open position. Fig. 4 is aplan showing the breech-lock in the closed position. Figs. 5 and 6 are a central longitudinal section and plan, respectively, of amachine-gun with a combined-movement breech-lock, the latter being shown in its closed position with the open position indicated by dotted lines `in Fig. 5. Figs. 7 and 8 are central longitudinal sections of a machine-gun according to this invention provided with a gas-operated piston,

` the view showing the closed and open.posi

tions of the breech-lock, respectively.

With the casing or with the barrel is fixedly connected (or made in one piece with either of them) a pivot-stud 15, around which swings a two-armed lever 16, having its lower arm between two suitably-arranged stops 17 and 18. The upper end of the lever, in the case of. a gun-lock system with rectilinear movementfor instance, the Mannlicherfsystem-is united with the crank-lever or lug- 20 on the breechbolt by means of a connecting-rod 19. Instead of a simple leverit is of course possible to em- .ploy a double lever or fork device, in which case the connecting-rod is also correspondingly constructed-e'. e. provided with two points of `attachment to the crank-lever or the lock device of the gun, 'as shown in Fig. 6. p In th'e case of guns with a circular movement or combined circular and rectilinear movement of the lock-piston, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,- a loop or yoke 2 1, arranged to correspond to the circular movement, is provided at the upper, end of the lever 16 or at any suitable place on the connecting-rod 19. The locking device laccording to the present arrangement is actuated in the following manner: The recoil following each discharge of the gun .causes the barrel, together with its barrel extension and lock, to travel backward. In this movement the lever 16, connected with the barrel, (or any part connectedwith it,) participates. It therefore moves back until it strikes with its lower end'against a rear stop 17. .In consequence of this the lever is turned on its pivot and its lower (md then strikes (wlule the l IOO whole still continues the backward movement) against a front stop 18. Any excess of force of the recoil is transmitted to and taken up by a buffer-spring 25, against which the stop is pressed. In consequence of the swinging or pivoting movement of the lever 16 the lock is opened by means of the connecting-rod 19 and the crank-lever 20. According to the breechlock system to which the arrangement is applied, the firing-spring is compressed either during this movement or during the reverse movement of the two-armed lever 16. The cartridge-extractor having withdrawn the cartridge-shell, the latter is thrown out and the next cartridge brought into position in front of the lock, which drives it into the barrel. By properly calculating the length of the free-recoil movement before the two-armed lever 16 is actuated the action maybe so regulated that the lock is reopened only after the shot has left the barrel. The return movement-z'. e., the forward movement of the barrel-is effected through the buffer-spring 25 reacting upon the two-armed lever 16 and through the spring 24, provided specially for the purposeand connected with the bracket carrying the pivot 15 of the lever 16. During this forward movement the lower part of the lever 16 moves'upon a projection of the front stop 18 and is held in its nal position up to the moment of the next discharge by a slight pressure exerted by the buffer-spring 25.

It should be specially observed here that it` is of no importance with regard to the principle of the present invention whether the center or fulcrum of the two-armed lever 16 participates in the backward movement or not. The same effect is obtained if the lever 16 is made to swing round a xed stud or pivot, provided that the two stops or abutments, by means of which the said lever is actuated, are so arranged that they participate in the recoil movement. It will also be evident from Figs. 5 and 6 that the device for actuating the breechlock ofthe mechanism need not be modified should the breech-lock be arranged for circular or combined circular and rectilinear movement (as in the Mauser system) instead of the ordinary rectilinear movement.

The manner of transmission of the movement of the two-armed lever 16 to the cranklever can be accomplished in any suitable manner.

The barrel 1 is arranged, together with its inner extension 2, on a frame 3, the latter being connected with a cooling-tube 4, surrounding the barrel and intended to be filled with water before firing, by which means the movable barrel is satisfactorily cooler.

At the front end of the cooling-tube, in the middle or at one side, is arranged the fore sight 8. yThe lower part of the cooling-tube is so arranged as to form a lodgment or casl ing for a spiral spring 24, which becomes extended owing to the effect of the recoil and ment or for the reception of a guiding-pin d provided on the connecting-rod in the case of a combined-movement mechanism. The casing carries also a rear sight 13 of any suitable construction. Either on the barrel extension or on the barrel 1, iixedly connected therewith,

is provided a projection 14, which carries the stud '15, around which the two-armed lever 16 swings.

rlhe recoil spiral spring 24 is connected with the barrel projection 14 by means of a rod 23 and is so arranged as to be set in tension by the recoil. The feeding of the machine-gun may be effected in a variety of ways, having regard especially to the breech-lock system employed. If the lock system is arranged for magazine-feeding, the cartridges are best employed in the original packing, in which case all that is required is to arrange the cartridgemagazines'in suitable feeding-cases.

According to the foregoing description contained in the introduction and referring to the manner in which the invention maybe carried out practically, there is no necessity to explain that not only may the force produced by the recoil be used for actuating the breechlock mechanism by means of a displaceable barrel, but also part of the powder-gases may be employed for the purpose of actuating the special piston, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. In these figures, 14L is a piston the rod of, which is connected with the pivot 15 to assist in effecting the rearward movement of the lever 16. A conduit 141. leads the gases from a convenient point in the length of the barrel 1 to the cylinder in which the piston 14a works. Thus it will be seen that asv soon as the projectile has passed the point at which the conduit 14b opens into the barrel 1 the gases pass through said conduit and drive the piston, and therefore thelever 16, in a rearward direction for the purpose hereinbefore described.

If the measurements are fixed with tolerable accuracy, the length of the recoil of the barrel may be limited to a fraction of the length of the cartridge, (as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.) Hence the drawbacks connected with the much greater length of the recoil in the case of the known mitrailleuse system are avoided. The necessity of employing smaller movingv masses does not arise, which alone would necessitate the employment of a special motive force.

IOO

It should be remarked herethat the details as described and represented in the' drawings,

although forming the results of practical experiments of many years, .are of secondary importa'ne with regard to the main feature of invention. Their modification or partial substitution by other detail devices will not affect tion, a breech-lock device, a reciprocating curved yoke engaging a lug on the breechbolt for imparting to the latter acombined rectilinear and turning movement and means for reciprocating the yoke comprising an oscillating two-armed lever and a rod connecting said lever with the yoke, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

'3. In an automatic rearm and in combination, a breech-bolt, a lug or crank-lever on the breech-bolt, a curved yoke 21'for actuating the lug or crank-lever 20, :a rod 19 for transmitting motion to the curved yoke, an oscillating two- .armed lever l-connected to the rod, a stop 17 in contact with said lever and means for producing relative motion between said stop and the lever whereby the latter is oscillated, and a spring-stop 18 for cushioning the tail of the lever 16, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my 4 name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, FRANZ TOBISCH. Witnesses:

JOSEFy REIss, LAvo KAIsc. 

